常用介词短语小结
一、近义介词短语辨析
1. 表示原因（通常在句中作状语）
1) because of: 表示实际原因（表达一种较强的因果关系）
2) on account of: 常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素
3) out of + 抽象名词:常用来引述心理、情感因素,如out of one’s own will(出于自愿)
4) owing / due to: 着重把原因归于某事物，既可作状语又可作定语，due to还可以作后置定语,如：Mistakes due to carelessness may cause serious consequence. 由于粗心犯的错误也许会引起严重的后果。
5) thanks to: 后面通常接表示积极意义的原因，意为“多亏，幸亏由于”。例句：
He walked slowly because of his bad leg. 他腿不好，所以走得很慢。
Michael and Billy, on account of their wide experiences in climbing, were voted leaders. 迈克尔与贝利由于有丰富的登山经验，被选为队长。
She did it out of sympathy. 她这样做是出于同情。
Most of the problems were owing/due to human errors. 大部分问题都是由于人为的错误造成的。
Thanks to your energy and intelligence, the development scheme has been finally realized. 多亏了你的精力和智慧,这项发展计划终于实现了。
2. 表示排除
1) with the exception of意义与except, except for相同，但比它们正式
2) apart from（=美式英语中的aside from）是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之外”，相当于except (for), 又可以表示“除……之外，（还，也）”相当于besides。例句：
They all passed the physics examination with the exception of Tom. 除汤姆外他们物理考试都及格了。
We had a smooth journey apart from(= except for) a flat tyre. 我们一路上很顺利，只是车胎漏了一次气。
Apart from(= besides) a flat tyre, we had broken brakes. 我们不但车胎漏了气，而且刹车也出了毛病。
3. 表示“有关，关于”
1）表示“关于”的介词：concerning（较为正式），respecting（关于，至于），regarding（关于，就……而论，在……方面）等
He quarreled with his neighbor concerning the house. 他因房子问题和邻居发生了争吵。
I’m at a loss respecting his whereabouts. 我全然不知道他的踪迹。
Regarding the punishment, what would you advise?
就这种处罚来说,你有什么意见？
2）表示“关于”的介词短语：with respect to（关于，就……而言）；in respect of（就……而论，在……方面）；in / with regard to, in / with reference to, in connection with也都表示“（正式用语）关于，有关”；as for和as to在用于句首表示“至于”时区别不大，可以互相通用，但as to表示“关于”时不能和as for互换，相当于about和concerning。例句：
The discussion with respect to some theoretical questions will last for a long time. 关于一些理论问题的讨论将持续很长时间。
In respect of the transformation in education, we have still plenty to do. 就教学改革来说，我们还有好多事要做。
With/In regard to our business, I will write to you later. 关于我们的经营情况，我以后会写信告诉你的。
I have nothing to say with reference to this question. 关于这个问题我没有什么话要讲。
Tell me all you know in connection with that matter. 告诉我关于那件事你所知道的一切。
As for/to me, I was a little puzzled. 至于我，有点迷惑不解。
Johnson was very uncertain as to whether his bicycle was stolen by the thief. 关于他的自行车是否被这个贼偷了，约翰逊不敢肯定。
4. 表示"在……之前"
1) ahead of意为in advance of,可表示“（在空间或时间上比某人或某事物）更前，更早”；还可表示“领先，优于”
2) in front of 多指空间的前后关系，“在……正前方”
3) prior to(正式用语)指时间与重要性方面“在……之前”
4) previous to指时间与顺序上在……前
5) preparatory to意为in readiness for, as a preparation for, 为做准备而在……之前
6) on the eve of “在……前夕”，如：on the eve of our examination / victory 在我们考试/胜利的前夕例句：
They will fulfill the plan ahead of schedule / time. 他们将提前完成计划。
She couldn’t watch the television because he was standing in front of the screen. 她没法看电视，因为他正站在屏幕的正前方。
Weeds must be pulled up prior to pollination of flowers in the garden. 在花园里的花朵授粉之前杂草必须拔除。
I know nothing about the accident; it happened previous to my arrival here. 我对事故一无所知,我到这儿之前事故就发生了。
Security checks had been carried out preparatory to( = to prepare for) the President’s visit. 为迎接总统来访，当局已预先进行了安全检查。
The general addressed the army on the eve of the battle. 将军在打仗前夕对军队讲话。
5. 表示“支持，赞成”
1) in support of 维护，支持，支援
Mr. Smith spoke in support of the motion. 史密斯先生发言支持这项提议。
2) in favor of 可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于……”
Are you in favor of the proposal? 你赞成此建议吗？The exchange rate is in our favor.
兑换率有利于我们。
6. 表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”
1)in the light of 按照，考虑到
He rewrote the book in the light of further research. 考虑到进一步的研究，他重写了那部书。
2)in terms of 就……而言，谈到
The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages. 就薪水而言，这是份好工作。但它也有不足之处。
3)on the grounds of; on ... grounds 以……为理由/根据
Their request for a permission to open a mine was denied on environmental grounds. 基于对环境问题的考虑,他们开矿的请求没有被许可。
4)in accordance with 与……一致,书面语
He didn’t act in accordance with the provisions of the contract. 他没有依照合同的条款规定行事。
5)according to 根据；按照A diplomat must act according to circumstances. 外交官必须会随机应变。
牛刀小试
选用文中介绍的适当介词短语翻译句子。
1. 一辆货车正好停在我的汽车前面。
2. 形势有利于发展中国家。
3. 他做这件事完全是出于自愿。
4. 他们正收拾东西准备旅行。
5. 他列举了许多事实来证明他的意见是正确的。
6. 多亏了他的及时资助,我们才能得以继续开展这一项目。
7. 目前我们大大领先于我们所有的对手。
8. 你应该提前很长时间预定,最好提前六个星期。
9. 价格会随着订购数量的不同而有所变化。
10. 由于我们主席的不幸消息,我们不得不取消七月四日的庆祝活动。
答案及解析
1. A van was parked right in front of my car.
分析:本句强调的是方位"在……前方,前面",所以选用in front of。
2. The situation is in favor of the developing countries.
分析:本句的主语"形势"situation是抽象名词,"有利于"宜选用"in favor of"。
3. He did it completely out of his own free will.
分析:free will是抽象名词短语,用于out of之后,表示"完全出于自愿"。
4. They are packing things preparatory to a journey.
分析:"收拾东西"是为"旅行"做准备,先于"旅行"发生,因此选用介词短语"preparatory to"。
5. He adduced many facts in support of his views.
分析:本句主语是人"he",目的状语"表明……正确"暗含"支持"的含义,因而选用介词短语"in support of"。
6. Thanks to his timely financial help, we could continue with this project.
分析:thanks to表示"多亏由于,幸亏有",通常接表示积极意义的原因,因此用在此处比because of, on account of等更贴切。
7. We are well ahead of all our rivals at present.
分析:ahead of原义表示某人或某物在时间、空间等方面"更早,更前",转义可表示"领先,优于"(in or into a more successful position than ...),因此正好适用本句。
8. You should book well in advance, preferably six weeks before.
分析:本句in advance的含义实际相当于ahead of schedule(提前于约定时间)。
9. Prices vary according to the quantity ordered.
分析:"按照,根据"可用短语according to表达,是常用固定用法。
10. In the light of the tragic news about our chairman, we have to cancel the celebrations on July 4th.
分析：本句表达的"由于"可进一步理解为"鉴于,考虑到",所以选用in the light of,其可以明确表达该意义。
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