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【答案】电大《英语(1)》网上辅导(2)—单词学习

Reading Skills

Making Use of Word Formation: Suffixation (后缀法)

Suffixes

A suffix is a particle which is added to the end of a root. Generally, suffixes do not change the meaning of the root, but its part of speech.
e.g. lead → leadership(领导权)  ill → illness

However, some suffixes add new meanings to the newly formed words.
e.g. meaning → meaningless   think → thinker

The following are some of the most commonly used suffixes.

1. Suffixes used as a noun signifier 表示名词的后缀

suffix           example
-er (-or)         read → reader sail →sailor(水手)
-ist           special → specialist
-ee            train → trainee (受训者)
-ment          punish → punishment(惩罚)
-tion(-sion, -ation)   invent→ invention
-ness           sick→ sickness
-ance (-ence)       attend→ attendance(出席)
-ing           build → building

2. Suffixes used as an adjective signifier 表示形容词的后缀

suffix            example
-y             wind → windy
-ful            hope → hopeful
-ous            adventure → adventurous(冒险的)
-ic (-ical)        hero → heroic
-al            nation → national
-ary            second → secondary
-able           change → changeable
-less           care → careless
-some           trouble → troublesome(麻烦的)

3. suffixes used as a verb signifier 表示动词的后缀

suffix         example
-en           broad→ broaden
-fy           simple→ simplify
-ize (-ise)       modern→ modernize(使现代化)

4. Suffixes used as an adverb signifier 表示副词的后缀

suffix           example
-ly             clear → clearly
-ward            back → backward
-wise            clock → clockwise

Note: A root may have two or more than two prefixes and /or suffixes.
e.g. cover → recover (恢复) → revoverable (可恢复的) → irrecoverable (不可恢复的)→ irrecoverably(不可恢复地)

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